Theatre Etiquette.

As promised I will discuss about surgical theatre etiquette. Theatre is a really good way to see anatomy and learn more about the management of certain conditions.  Again like the wards it's a really daunting place to be in. I actually found theatre a bit of a scary place as there's so much equipment in there, but once you have experienced it...it really isn't that bad. Your consultant finally invites you to go to theatre with him next day so here are some tips: Find the theatre list for the day you'll be going into theatre so you can get an idea what you'll be seeing - best place to go is the consultant's secretary. This will allow you to do a bit of reading up on relevant anatomy for the surgery. Also a great chance to read up on the condition that the surgery is treating. Most consultants like to ask questions during surgery so make sure you're ready. Nothing worse than being the student that seems like he/she didn't do any preparation whatsoever. Also theatre starts at different times so it is something you'll have to find out from the consultant/registrar/theatre staff/secretary. Make sure you turn up for the very beginning as this is when everyone introduces each other and go through a team briefing. So you get to the hospital - what do you do next?

Head on to theatre and sign in. Go get changed into scrubs and put on a theatre cap. Make sure you also change into theatre shoes which are usually clogs/the super fashionable crocs. Hopefully your hospital have some theatre shoes for you to borrow so make sure you ask at reception first. Take off all jewelery. At all times make sure your ID is visible. In general for theatre changing rooms it is best to bring your valuables with you or simply don't bring valuables to a theatre day. I always bring my money and my phone with me and depending on the hospital I also bring my bag with me to theatre as it's just a small messenger bag. Make sure you leave the bag in the prep room or ask theatre staff where you can put your bag.

So you get to the theatre and hopefully you'll know who is the consultant. Go introduce yourself or say "Hi". You'll be surprised how often they don't notice you even though you think they saw you. I guess sometimes they can't recognize you as you are in scrubs and have a theatre cap on. Get in on the team briefing and pay attention to the theatre list for the day. Also find out who is the anaesthetist. Ask the anaesthetist if you can observe the patient being put to sleep. It's quite interesting to watch.

Simple rules of theatre:

• Don't touch anything green/blue in the operating room especially on tables/trolleys
• If you're going to faint - don't faint on the patient - so go sit down - it happens to everyone
• When the surgeons are gowned up - don't make any contact with them as they are now sterile so that means good dodging skills and just stay out of their way until they have gotten to their place at the table

Usually there will be 3 people scrubbed in and working on the patient. It will usually be 1 consultant surgeon, 1 registrar, and 1 scrub nurse. It'll be fairly obvious who is who. Scrub nurse is the one who will be passing all the equipment to the surgeons. If it is open surgery (not laparoscopic) you'll probably need to get a pedestal to see over the shoulders of the surgeons but make sure you ask them first/let them know you're standing behind them so they don't bump into you...but obviously don't be right up behind them - give them some space to breathe and move around. If you wear a lanyard for your ID badge - then this would be a good time to tuck it into your shirt so it doesn't swing around.

If it is a laparoscopic surgery - there will be a tv screen for you to watch so you don't need to be standing as close to the surgeons. Just find a good spot to stand and for me, I never sit down as I think the theatre staff are more deserving of a chair than I am. 

The problem with surgeries is that it can range from 30 minutes to 8 hours. You'll find that your back and feet will be hating you during long surgeries. Also make sure when you're standing for a long time just to keep your legs moving so you don't faint. Sometimes with long procedures I will go take a walk around the operating room just to get my legs moving again and give my back a stretch. No matter how much you love surgery (and take it from me - I really do LOVE surgery) - it will get boring especially when you're not scrubbed in and just observing. If nothing interesting is happening go talk to the anaesthetist. Ask he/she about the machines and what they are doing. The thing with surgeries as well is finding the right time to ask questions. There will be times where the room goes dead quiet as the surgeons are concentrating - obviously horrible time to ask a question. You'll be able to tell when they don't need to focus as much as usually they'll start talking about really random things like plans for the weekend...you'll be surprised what sort of things surgeons talk about during surgery. Some surgeons even have music playing in the background so don't be shocked when you walk in and there is music playing. I think the best one was when I was waiting outside a day surgery theatre and the doors to the operating room opened and all you can hear was music blasting out...almost seemed like a night club in there!

Hopefully your consultant will be good at teaching and he'll show you the relevant anatomy IF it is easy to see. Not all the time the anatomy is easy to see, but don't be disappointed if you don't really see much. Most surgeries that I have observed - I usually don't see very much so don't think this is your fault. Especially now, surgeons are trying to make incisions smaller to reduce the recovery time...but again as long as your consultant knows he/she has a student around - most are quite good at moving over and letting you do a quick lean in to take a closer look - again make sure you don't touch the patient/surgeons.

When the surgery is done - go make yourself useful and help the theatre staff with moving the patient. Put on a pair of non-sterile gloves and grab hold of one side of the bed sheets (other than the head as the anaesthetist will be there). It'll be made clear which way the patient will be going and usually the clue is probably the empty bed right next to the operating bed with a slide board underneath. The anaesthetist will always count you down to moving so some will say "On 3" or "Ready Steady *Move/Shift*" - either way it'll be obvious.

If the previous surgery was long - you might want to stick yourself onto the consultant/registrar as they usually will disappear to the coffee room. Go make yourself a drink or get some water - staying hydrated is key for surgery. Sometimes it is quite frustrating as you could wait for an hour before the next surgery. I always hate coffee room breaks - not because I hate waiting around...it's because sometimes the consultant needs to quickly pop up to the ward and you're left alone in the coffee room. Just keep your eye on someone who is from your theatre as they tend to leave without telling you. Well based on personal experience - I always get left behind so I always got to stay near the registrar/consultant/theatre staff just so I wont miss the next surgery. Another way is before breaking off to the coffee room - ask a theatre staff how long a break do you have or what time does the next surgery start - then at least if you lose everyone - you'll still know what time to get back.

Hopefully this gives you a better idea what to expect when going to theatre for the first time. Hey maybe you'll be lucky and get to scrub in. But don't be disheartened if you don't scrub in as I didn't get to scrub in til this year (3rd year of medical school - been on surgical placements ever since 1st year). So just enjoy your time in theatre and hopefully you'll see lots of cool things. Also a great place to witness some good teamwork and communication skills as well. If you're unsure about anything just ask a theatre staff.

Too slack?!

Some of you have probably noticed that I am back from holiday due to my recent post. Anyways you must be thinking what placement I must be on. Essentially we get 6 weeks where we can either design our own placement or select a project that the school offers. Most of you probably know that I am interested in Orthopaedics, so I designed my own placement and have chosen to spend 6 weeks in Orthopaedics. So far...well so far I haven't really done much as my supervisor has been taking quite a few annual leaves. I've been in for about 3 days in the last 2 weeks. I've been to 2 clinics, which were quite good. My supervisor is quite good at teaching so I'm definitely learning lots...just wish I was in more often. Yes I am whining about not having enough to do. It doesn't help that my last placement was quite busy (in from 9am to at least 5pm every day). Now I'm in for a half day here and there. I got 1 theatre day which was alright. For the first surgery I didn't get to scrub in because the nurses didn't realize I was attached to the consultant and no one helped me scrub in. For the rest of the list I got to scrub in and it was definitely interesting. Looked ridiculous though fully decked out in gear as in Orthopaedics they are quite anal about cleanliness as they want to prevent infections. If the patient gets an infection, the only way of curing it is to take the implant out so we all want it to go successfully. No one wants to go under the knife more than once. My supervisor was really good at getting me involved though. I mean scrubbing in was already good enough but my supervisor also let me use the drill, hammer, etc. It definitely put a smile on my face and I really enjoyed it. I also got to learn how to stitch (finally) and I got to help close up at the end of surgery.

Anyways there isn't much to post about unfortunately as I haven't actually had a proper full week yet. It's quite frustrating. I'm actually keen to do some work and stuff, but I haven't even really touched base with my supervisor so I hardly know what is going on. I mean I've gotten to know the registrar which is good, but with going into theatre, the consultants are generally quite picky about having students in and I haven't had a chance to meet all the consultants on the team yet. Really difficult to keep my motivation up to go into placement at the moment. A bit disappointed as well, but once my supervisor gets back I'm sure everything will get going again (I hope).

O&G Labour Week Part 2.

Tiring second half of the week. No joke. Again I underestimated/didn't give labour week enough credit. I thought it was going to be complete crap...but this week has proven me wrong. I wouldn't say obstetrics is my cup of tea, BUT it has certainly earned a lot more respect from me. The midwives are so hard working and enthusiastic despite their ridiculously long shifts. I think the most frustrating part about obstetrics is that it is either very busy or very quiet. When it is busy, time passes by extremely quickly...but when it is quiet - holy smokes...it is painful as all you do is just sit around and zone out.

Day 3 - Because I only had 1 thing left to be signed off on my log book (instrumental delivery) I was literally running around and broadcasting to the midwives and doctors that I need to see an instrumental delivery. Essentially showed up early...again struggled with arriving for 7am, but tried my best. The midwives suspected that one of the rooms will need an instrumental delivery so they told me to keep an eye out. Literally sat and waited for the whole day for this woman to deliver. So a bit of background.

27 year old woman
Prima Gravida (first pregnancy)
Been in labour for 48 hours
Admitted to hospital with cervix dilatation approx 5cm and severe contraction pains
SROM (spontaneous rupture of membrane)
CTG revealed an episode of deceleration of fetal heart - spontaneously resolved - may need C-section if re-occur
FBS (fetal blood sample) taken x2 (both revealed normal blood results)


Plan: Midwife to review every 2 hours for any more CTG decelerations.

Essentially I had been hovering around this lady's room and keeping an hawk eye on the midwife responsible for this lady as I did not want to miss an instrumental delivery. Sat around in the midwife room for hours. Time was ticking and it was getting closer to the end of my shift (5pm)...then 4:50pm - midwife reports that the lady is fully dilated and has tried to push for awhile but the baby was not coming out - called on-call registrar. It was determined that this woman will need instrumental delivery. I obviously perked up and was relieved that I will finally get to observe an instrumental delivery and get my log book obstetrics section completed.

Lady was brought into theatre as there was a bit of cervix which could be pushed back and she was given spinal. Realized that we cannot use the KIWI so we had to use Forceps. I had never seen forceps before and when I saw them it looked pretty crude but it doesn't really do any damage to the baby. Forceps delivery is just crude. The registrar was pulling quite hard and we had to hold the lady back as she kept sliding down the bed as we pulled. The husband nearly passed out as well. After several attempts, the baby was delivered and it was fairly large so I was not surprised why it took a few pulling attempts. Unfortunately, due to the baby's large head and that the lady was quite small, she ended up with a 3rd degree tear. 3rd degree tear = torn perineum and a bit of anal sphincter. Essentially tears are not pretty...seen a few tears now and it's not nice. Essentially the surgeon has to stitch your perineum back together which is pretty much  a mess. It isn't pretty. I don't even get how does the surgeon figure out what to stitch. To me it was just a bunch of flesh torn apart. Certainly looks very difficult to repair and requires a lot of skill and experience. Amazing though. Once that was done it was almost 6pm but the extra hour got me my final signature for my log book.

Day 4 - because my log book was filled and it was a half day as I have a night shift on day 5...i turned up late and observed 2 caesarean sections. Fairly boring day.

Day 5 - 16 hour on-call night shift. Start at 5pm Friday, finish 9am Saturday. I really didn't know what to expect...I like to consider myself nocturnal as I work well in the middle of the night. Unfortunately it was a VERY quiet night and time was crawling. I didn't know what is the proper etiquette for night shifts...do I go sleep or do I stay awake with the midwives? The doctors disappeared midway through the night and I assume they went back to their office to sleep. So what do I do? Essentially I tried my best to stay awake and read 6 chapters of my O&G textbook. 4am - I was getting fed up. Bored to death. Nothing going on. 5am - told the midwives to bleep me if there's anything interesting/if they need to bleep the doctors to also please bleep me. I technically don't have a room but I reckoned the seminar room would be empty so I went to bum on the couch in there. Passed out for about 30 minutes and then my bleep went off. I was so tired...I looked at my bleep and was trying to get up...couldn't. 15 minutes later - woke up and sun was rising...obviously hardly knew where I was...very dazed. I could hardly open my eyes and zombie stumbled to the ward and the midwives said they were trying to bleep me and that there's a patient in theatre. Went to theatre to see the consultant repairing a 3rd degree tear. I'm pretty sure he knew why I was late...but he didn't say anything. Phew. 8:30am - doctor handover. I packed up, got changed back into clinical clothing, and then stumbled to my car. Managed to get home in one piece. But wow WHAT A TIRING/BORING NIGHT. Brutal. Never again - 16 hours. Doctors and midwives only do 12 hour shifts...why the heck do students have to do 16 hour shifts?! Trying to kill us?! At least give us a room or an office instead so we can rest.

All in all...labour week wasn't too shabby. Obviously Monday and Tuesday were my highlight days as I got to assist and scrub in for elective sections. Very good experience as I enjoy surgery so any opportunity to scrub in is an honour for me. Next week is my final "timetabled" week which is Ward Week; however, it is more like 50% ward, 50% clinic. My summative assessment is next Tuesday as well. It involves taking a full Gynaecological history and answering questions about investigations, management, and treatment. Quite nervous as I haven't had time to practice history taking as I haven't had my ward week. Next Monday = catch up time. Probably going to try my best to talk to as many patients as I can on the ward. Final stretch of placement: 2 more weeks. Ward week then "catch-up" week. I'm actually kinda sad that this attachment is ending. Having a blast. Unexpected. Wow.

O&G Labour Week Part 1.

I'm only 2 days in to my labour week and I'm already struggling. I'm supposed to be in for midwives handover at 7am every day. Day 1 - alarm clock for 5:45am...next thing I knew I woke up again and it was 6:30am. Didn't get to the hospital til 7:10am...by the time I got changed into scrubs for labour ward...it was like 7:20am. Day 2 - alarm clock for 5:45am...actually got up this time. Arrived at the hospital at 6:55am and traffic wasn't bad. I actually tried really hard to make it to handover...ran to get changed. By the time I got out...I had apparently missed handover already and the midwives said I should aim to arrive for 6:50am tomorrow. In my head I was like "6:50am?! Yeaaahhh right." Dreading it already. Also I have been sooo tired. I would sometimes catch myself dozing off in the ward because I start so early in the morning...but still get off at 5ish pm. Brutal. And when I get home...I hardly have the energy to eat and all I want to do is sleep. So unproductive.

Pretty exciting first day though. Saw 2 normal vaginal deliveries. Also assisted as a first assistant on 2 caesarean sections (aka I got to scrub in and actually do proper surgical stuff...not just hang around and watch - just the consultant surgeon, me, and a scrub nurse - what a dream). Also witnessed an emergency caesarean section as the baby was stuck. When the emergency button was pressed it was like a TV show. It was crazy. Loads of people ran in within 5 seconds of the buzzer going off and everyone knew what they were doing. Anaesthetist was already making his way to theatre and some of the theatre staff darted to theatre to prep. About 8 of us were racing the bed down to theatre. It was really surreal. Obviously there was a sense or urgency. The mother had to be put under general anaesthetic (most caesareans is under spinal so the mother stays awake and just can't feel anything down below). Staff was frantically prepping the theatre with the equipment...it was just organized chaos. I was so scared to get in the way so I just crammed myself into a tiny corner of the room. I obviously couldn't scrub in as it was an emergency and the registrar had turned up.  Eventually we managed to get the baby out and I finally got to see the link between the paediatricians and obstetricians. The paeds team was already waiting for us ready for the baby and for any resuscitation as it was a complicated birth. Baby came out floppy and wasn't crying/breathing. It was a very tense moment as we handed the baby over to the paeds team. Unfortunately I'm with the obstetrics team so I couldn't go watch the paeds team work their magic. Finally after a few tense minutes we heard the baby cry and you could see the relief on some of the staffs' faces. I'm sure it was pretty scary for the mother herself as one minute she was just about to give birth but the baby got stuck..the next minute she's asleep. Also the father is left waiting outside of theatre after seeing a bunch of people wheel off his wife. Pretty scary situation for the family in general I would think.  I couldn't say I had as much fun  in the afternoon though. Immensely boring after a frantic morning. But the morning certainly made my day though.

Day 2 - quiet morning. Waited til 9am for elective caesarean sections. Again was really lucky and got asked to scrub in and help out...but not to the certain extent of a first assistant. Still makes a huge difference when you're scrubbed in. I even got to transfer the newborn to the crib after we pulled him out. It was really cool. After the sections...again went quiet again. Saw 1 normal delivery and that was it. Next thing to knock off my list: Instrumental Delivery (eg. using Forceps or Ventouse Suction). Really need to get that signed off tomorrow.

Labour week to be continued.......(if I'm still alive by the end of it)

Planning Ahead.

I would like to think I am fairly good at planning ahead. I am quite a simple person and fairly straight forward, but few know that I actually think quite a bit about the future. Being an international student, you have to think about the future.  We try our best to not think about the future as anything can happen, but we also have to be ready for anything unexpected. My biggest advice to international students (no matter how confident you are about staying in the UK) is to have a backup plan. What happens if the UK government decide to throw us a curve ball and change the immigration/Visa rules? What happen if you suddenly have to return home due to family issues? And if you're not planning on staying in the UK, you really got to plan when to take the registry exams such as USMLE. It pains me when I see international students not having a single clue what they'll be doing in a few years time. Unfortunately it isn't a straight path for international students, let it be staying in the UK or going back home. Either way it won't be easy and you will have to make sacrifices. Anyways enough with the grim outlook for international students. It isn't all that bad to be honest. It's just that you have to constantly remind yourself you are an international student and it isn't a simple straight path. There will be many obstacles to cross and many walls to climb. It isn't easy, but hopefully it'll be all worth it in the end.

Anyways enough with the weird banter paragraph above. Maybe I should put the beer away. Haha. If you guys read my last post carefully, I did not talk about Friday. No I didn't have lectures...and no I did not go into placement. Then you must assume I was skiving. No I wasn't skiving either...well I wouldn't consider it skiving because I was actually doing something productive. I had a meeting with an Orthopaedic consultant at the central hospital to discuss about my Student Selected Component (SSC) project for this coming May.  The last time I met the consultant, I fell asleep in the chair and he had to wake me up...great first impression. Luckily it didn't really affect him as he was willing to see me again. He was actually quite keen to be my supervisor for my SSC and to mentor me. This time prior to meeting him, I made sure I was not going to fall asleep. I heard him come out from his office so I made sure I didn't look like I was dozing off...to be honest I was zoning out as all I did was stare at the wall. I had to wait for awhile as I was 30 minutes early for the meeting as I messed up on my travel timing so I was quite tired. Went into the office to discuss what I will be doing for my 6 week SSC project. We did a lot of brainstorming and came up with quite a few ideas.  Either this consultant is smart or was prepared to discuss about my SSC as he was rapid firing ideas at me. Unfortunately, I kept zoning out as to be fair...I did not understand half the things he mentioned. He was talking about the different type of implants used in Orthopaedics, and obviously I have never heard of the brands. He talked to me like I knew all the brands so you could imagine I was very lost. When I get lost...I zone out. It's a horrible trait I have. As he went on, he realized he should write down what I will be doing. He set out a bunch of aims and wanted me to expand on it and give it a think. He filled up half a page with notes on the aims of my project (looking at implants). I quickly put the paper away in my bag without looking at the paper.

And then I perked up as the consultant mentioned that during my project he wants to do some clinical things with me. I told him that I got to observe a few trauma surgeries and paeds orthopaedic surgeries over the last few weeks. He ended up throwing a curve-ball at me and told me that it is good that I'm making the effort and be keen to go see these things, BUT the difference is that when I follow him I will be scrubbing in and actually assisting. Oh man, I got so excited it was ridiculous. I immediately sat up straight and couldn't stop smiling. Scrubbing in and assisting = music to my ears. Finally I get the chance to get my hands in and do something that I am interested in. He also went on how I will be able to do some stitching (heart sank a bit as the last time I learned stitching was a year ago). Now, I was very excited about my SSC and the consultant surely knows how to make a student happy.

After the meeting I quickly went home and took out the paper that he wrote on. To my demise, I could not make out half the things he wrote. I regretted zoning out and I should've remembered doctors do not write legibly.  Took me ages to decipher what the consultant wrote. In the end, I figured out most of the things he wrote as I vaguely remembered the stuff he was talking about and managed to crack on with expanding on his notes. Note to self: Do NOT zone out while a consultant is talking to you. You'll regret it as you won't be able to read half the things he wrote down. Imagine if I couldn't decipher what he wrote...the embarrassment I would have to go through as I would have to email him and tell him I can't read what he wrote when I should have been paying attention during the meeting.

Anyways I'm super stoked about my SSC in May! One more meeting and a bit of paperwork before my SSC will be official. Cannot wait.